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HOW-TO, Techniques, & Best Practices Channel
Mapping Your Visual Destination: How-To Create a Shooting Blueprint
By Saro Varjabedian
posted May 7, 2009, 23:23 |
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Saro Varjabedian has worked on over twenty films, music videos
and corporate videos as a cinematographer. He is currently
working on �Erza,� which is still in its production phase, and
writing a script exploring the avenues toward finding life fulfillment,
�In Hand Behind the Head String.�
A DP�s main function is to coordinate all the elements necessary
to capture an image that aesthetically supports the story. These
elements include location/set design, blocking, lighting, camera
placement, crew and time. Each element offers numerous variables
making the coordination of them during the shoot that much more
difficult. Therefore, to effectively coordinate all of these elements
during the production process it is crucial to plan out the variables
for each element during pre-production. One method is to create a
map that defines and communicates all of the variables for each
element. This map will not only serve as the shooting blueprint to
your production but it will define the final image.
In pre-production the DP�s first step is to work with the Director
and Art Director to narrow down all the locations or sets that will
be used during the shoot. Once all the locations/sets are
determined, begin to draw a map of the location much like the
blueprints an architect would use. Make sure to include all the
information that will be needed for the planning process like
space/dimensions, natural light sources and electrical sources. It is
helpful to know the confines of the space and the natural light
available because it will help in the preparation of the equipment
needs. For instance, by taking note the time of day and the way
sunlight falls into a room you can decide whether it is more
practical to use the natural light source from sunlight or to replicate
it with HMIs. Often it is more desirable to shoot night for day
because it offers the most control over lighting. Also note the
amount electricity available per circuit. A typical household circuit
is limited to 20 amps, which in practice is about 2000 watts. This
will mean that a generator will be needed to run any lights bigger
than a 2k.
At this point defining the action/blocking with the Director will
define your camera placement. Begin by referring to the script or
story board and go through the blocking of the action for each
scene with the Director. The camera placement and the area or
space captured in the image will dictate where and how lighting
should be set up. Start grouping all the shots or camera
placements that will be facing in the same direction and that have
the same lighting configuration. Create a separate blueprint for
each group of shots that have the same lighting configuration and
label the blueprint setup 1, 2, 3, etc. It is easier just to make
copies of the original blueprint and then write in the information.
Correlate the shot with the camera placement and document the
cameras height, distance and angles in relationship to the action.
Now start designing the layout of your lights for each blueprint
setup. At this point of pre-production lighting tests should occur.
Once an acceptable lighting configuration has been achieved add
that information to each blueprint setup. You can add other
important notes like flags, gels, filters and types of lights that will
be used during the shoot. By going through the lighting tests with
the crew during pre-production, they will be able to remember
each setup much faster and easier when they refer to the blueprint
during production. Also use a pencil so changes can be made to
the blueprint. Expect that during pre-production and up until the
last moment before shooting, changes to the scene will be made
causing a need to adjust blocking, camera placement and lighting.
The shooting blueprint serves as one way to help facilitate the
planning process. It will ensure that almost all conceivable
variables will be taken into account. Plus, once the blueprint is
done it can be distributed amongst all the key crewmembers so
that everyone can refer to it during production. It will act as a
guide, communicating each configuration to the crew speeding up
the setting up process. It also acts as a method of organizing the
sequence of the shooting schedule ensuring that all the shots with
the same lighting setup are taken together, economizing time and
energy. Going through the trouble of creating shooting blueprints
for each setup in every scene seems like a time consuming, tedious
process. But remember that the objective of the DP is to
coordinate all the visual elements that create an image during
production. And after all, the biggest elemental hurdle to
overcome during production is time. By spending the time during
pre-production to plan as much of the shoot as possible, that time
spent will be paid back in dividends during production. The
creativity used to design the shooting blueprint will be translated
back onto the final image.
This article may not be reprinted in print or internet publications without express permission of StudentFilmmakers.com.
Check out this article in the August 2006 print edition of StudentFilmmakers magazine, page 10.
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